The Dark Crystal

''The Dark Crystal'' is a 1982 dark fantasy film directed by Jim Henson and Frank Oz. It stars the voices of Stephen Garlick, Lisa Maxwell, Billie Whitelaw, Percy Edwards, and Barry Dennen. The film was produced by ITC Entertainment and The Jim Henson Company and distributed by Universal Pictures. The plot revolves around Jen and Kira, two Gelflings on a quest to restore balance to the world of Thra and overthrow the evil, ruling Skeksis by restoring a powerful broken Crystal.

It was marketed as a family film, but was notably darker than the creators' previous material. The animatronics used in the film were considered groundbreaking for its time, with most creatures, like the Gelflings, requiring around four puppeteers to achieve full manipulation. The primary concept artist was fantasy illustrator Brian Froud, famous for his distinctive fairy and dwarf designs. Froud also collaborated with Henson for his next project, the 1986 film ''Labyrinth''.

''The Dark Crystal'' was produced by Gary Kurtz, while the screenplay was written by David Odell, with whom Henson previously worked as a staff writer for ''The Muppet Show''. The film score was composed by Trevor Jones. The film initially received mixed reviews from mainstream critics; while being criticized for its darker, more dramatic tone in contrast to Henson's previous works, it was praised for its narrative, aesthetic, and characters. Over the years, it has been re-evaluated by critics and has garnered a cult following.

An Emmy Award-winning prequel television series, '' The Dark Crystal: Age of Resistance'', premiered on Netflix in 2019.

Plot

A thousand years ago on the planet Thra, two new races appeared when a Shard was shattered from the Crystal of Truth: the cruel Skeksis, who use continued corruption of the Crystal to extend their lives, and the gentle urRu, more commonly known as Mystics, who make their home in the Valley of Stones to await their destiny. The leader of the Mystics, the Master UrSu, raises a young Gelfling named Jen whose clan were slaughtered by the Skeksis. As the Great Conjunction of Thra's three suns draws near, a dying UrSu instructs Jen to fulfil a prophecy to heal the Crystal by first retrieving the Shard from Aughra. If Jen fails to complete his quest before the three suns meet, the Skeksis will rule forever. As UrSu passes, the Skeksis' Emperor, skekSo, also dies, leaving the position for the leader vacant. The Chamberlain, skekSil, and the Garthim Master, skekUng, challenge each other in a "Trial by Stone" for succession, resulting in skekUng defeating skekSil. SkekSil is stripped of his robes and banished, while skekUng is proclaimed the new emperor. When the Skeksis learn of Jen's existence, they send their army of giant crab-like Garthim to capture him, with the cunning skekSil following.

Jen meets Aughra and enters her orrery, which she uses to predict the heavens, and she explains about the Conjunction before having Jen select the correct Shard. Before Aughra can explain Jen's mission, the Garthim arrive and destroy the orrery, taking Aughra prisoner as Jen flees. Hearing the call of the Crystal, the Mystics leave their valley to return to the Castle of the Crystal. On his journey through a forest swamp, Jen meets Kira, another surviving Gelfling. The two learn more about each other when they accidentally "dreamfast", sharing each other's memories. They stay for a night with the Podlings who raised Kira, only for them and Kira's pet Fizzgig to flee when the Garthim raid the village. They are nearly caught, but skekSil intervenes, keeping the Garthim from pursuing them.

Jen and Kira discover a ruined Gelfling civilization with ancient writing describing the prophecy: "When single shines the triple sun, what was sundered and undone shall be whole, the two made one by Gelfling hand or else by none." They are interrupted by skekSil, who reveals the prophecy was the reason for the Gelfling genocide while trying to trick them into coming with him to the castle. But the Gelflings run off and reach the castle on Landstriders, intercepting the Garthim that attacked Kira's village. While trying to free the captured Podlings, Kira, Jen, and Fizzgig descend to the Castle's dry moat (revealing Kira has wings) and use the catacombs to gain access. But they are intercepted by skekSil, who attempts to drag them to the other Skeksis when they refuse him further. Jen stabs skekSil's hand with the Shard in defiance (which leads to his Mystic counterpart, urSol, to receive a similar wound on his), and skekSil, in a fit of rage, buries Jen in a cave-in and takes Kira. SkekSil is reinstated as Chamberlain and gives Kira to the Scientist, skekTek, to be drained of her life essence for the Skeksis to drink and regain their youth. Aughra, imprisoned in the Scientist's laboratory, tells Kira to call the captive animals for help; they break free in response and free Kira while causing skekTek to fall down the crystal shaft to his death. At that moment, his Mystic counterpart, urTih, vanishes in a burst of flame. Aughra frees herself soon after Kira leaves and before Jen arrives.

The three suns begin to align as the Gelflings reunite at the Crystal Chamber and the Skeksis gather for the ritual that will grant them immortality. When they are discovered and the Garthim attack, Jen leaps onto the Crystal but drops the Shard. Kira takes it after Fizzgig is thrown down the shaft by skekUng, but is saved by Aughra shortly after. Kira throws the Shard back to Jen and is fatally stabbed by the Ritual-Master, skekZok. The heartbroken Jen plunges the Shard into the Dark Crystal, fulfilling the prophecy. The Garthim disintegrate and the Podling slaves regain their essence while the dark stone covering the Castle crumbles away to reveal a crystalline structure. The urRu arrive and use the Crystal to merge themselves and the Skeksis into the beings they once were: the angelic urSkeks. Ungim the urSkeks' leader explains to Jen they had mistakenly shattered the Crystal 1,000 years ago, splitting them into two races and decimating Thra, and that Jen's courage and Kira's sacrifice have restored them. The urSkeks revive Kira in gratitude and then ascend to a higher level of existence, leaving the Crystal of Truth to Jen and Kira on the now-rejuvenated Thra.

Cast

Main
* Stephen Garlick as Jen, a Gelfling raised by the urRu and entrusted to restore the Dark Crystal. He is performed by Jim Henson and doubled by Kiran Shah.
* Lisa Maxwell as Kira, a Gelfling raised by the Podlings who joins Jen's quest. She is performed by Kathryn Mullen and doubled by Kiran Shah.
* Billie Whitelaw as Aughra: The Keeper of Secrets and an astronomer. She is performed by Frank Oz and doubled by Kiran Shah and Mike Edmonds.
* Percy Edwards as Fizzgig: A species of animal on Thra that is Kira's pet, performed by Dave Goelz.

Skeksis
* Barry Dennen as The Chamberlain (skekSil): A Skeksis who was exiled following his failed attempt to claim the throne, performed by Frank Oz.
* Michael Kilgarriff as The General (skekUng): The easily-angered Garthim-Master who becomes the new Emperor, performed by Dave Goelz.
* Jerry Nelson as The Ritual-Master (skekZok): The high priest of the Ceremony of the Sun, performed by Jim Henson.
** Both Nelson and Henson also voiced and performed respectively skekSo, the Skeksis Emperor who ruled Thra before his death at the beginning of the film.
* Steve Whitmire as The Scientist (skekTek): A supporter of skekUng who uses the Dark Crystal to drain life essence from Podlings and Gelflings.
* Thick Wilson as The Gourmand (skekAyuk): The organizer of the Skeksis banquets, performed by Louise Gold.
* Brian Muehl as The Ornamentalist (skekEkt): The designer of the Skeksis garments.
* John Baddeley as The Scroll Keeper (skekOk): The Crystal Castle's historian, performed by Bob Payne.
* David Buck as The Slave-Master (skekNa): The Skeksis who oversees the enslaved Podlings, performed by Mike Quinn.
* Charles Collingwood as The Treasurer (skekShod): A soft-spoken Skeksis who guards the Crystal Castle's riches, performed by Tim Rose.

urRu Mystics
* Seán Barrett as urZah/The Ritual-Guardian: The Mystic counterpart of skekZok, performed by Brian Muehl.
** Muehl also performs urSu/The Master, the Mystic counterpart of skekSo who dies at the beginning of the film.
* David Greenaway as urIm/The Healer: The Mystic counterpart of skekUng and new leader of the Mystics, also performed by Richard Slaughter.
* Jean Pierre Amiel as urUtt/The Weaver: The Mystic counterpart of skekEkt.
* Hugh Spight as urAmaj/The Cook: The Mystic counterpart of skekAyuk.
* Robbie Barnett as urYod/The Numerologist: The Mystic counterpart of skekShod.
* Swee Lim as urNol/The Herbalist: The Mystic counterpart of skekNa.
* Simon Williamson as urSol/The Chanter: The Mystic counterpart of skekSil.
* Hus Levant as urAc/The Scribe: The Mystic counterpart of skekOk.
* Toby Philpott as urTih/The Alchemist: The Mystic counterpart of skekTek.

Others
* Joseph O'Conor as UngIm, the urSkeks whom skekUng and urIm were derived from, and the Narrator.
* Hugh Spight, Swee Lim, and Robbie Barnett as the Landstriders.
* Miki Iveria, Patrick Monckton, Sue Weatherby, and Barry Dennen as the voices of the Podlings/Pod People.

Production

Development

Henson's inspiration for the visual aspects of the film came around 1975–76,Fantastic Films
#32, February, 1983 after he saw an illustration by Leonard B. Lubin in a 1975 edition of Lewis Carroll’s poetry showing crocodiles living in a palace and wearing elaborate robes and jewelry.David Odell (2012), "Reflections on Making ''The Dark Crystal'' and Working with Jim Henson". In: Froud, B., Dysart, J., Sheikman, A. & John, L. ''The Dark Crystal: Creation Myths, Vol. II''. Archaia. McAra, Catriona (2013) A Natural History of "The Dark Crystal": The Conceptual Design of Brian Froud. In: ''The Wider Worlds of Jim Henson''. McFarland, Jefferson, pp. 101-116.Brian Froud (2003), "A Journey into ''The Dark Crystal''". In: Froud, B. & Llewellyn, J. J., ''The World of the Dark Crystal''. Pavilion Books. The film's conceptual roots lay in Henson's short-lived ''The Land of Gorch'', which also took place in an alien world with no human characters. According to co-director Frank Oz, Henson's intention was to "get back to the darkness of the original Grimms' Fairy Tales", as he believed that it was unhealthy for children to never be afraid.

Henson formulated his ideas into a 25-page story he entitled ''The Crystal'', which he wrote whilst snowed in at an airport hotel. Henson's original concept was set in a world called Mithra, a wooded land with talking mountains, walking boulders and animal-plant hybrids. The original plot involved a malevolent race called the Reptus group, which took power in a coup against the peaceful Eunaze, led by Malcolm the Wise. The last survivor of the Eunaze was Malcolm's son Brian, who was adopted by the Bada, Mithra's mystical wizards.Jim Henson, ''The Mithra Treatment'' VD special Feature ''The Dark Cyrstal: Collector's Edition'', Dir. Jim Henson & Frank Oz. 1982. Colombia Tristar Home Entertainment, 2003. DVD.

This draft contained elements in the final product, including the three races, the two funerals, the quest, a female secondary character, the Crystal, and the reunification of the two races during the Great Conjunction. "Mithra" was later abbreviated to "Thra", due to similarities the original name had with an ancient Persian deity. The character Kira was also at that point called Dee.

Most of the philosophical undertones of the film were inspired from Jane Roberts's "Seth Material". Henson kept multiple copies of the book ''Seth Speaks'', and insisted that Froud and screenwriter David Odell read it prior to collaborating for the film. Odell later wrote that Aughra's line "He could be anywhere then," upon being told by Jen that his Master was dead, could not have been written without having first read Roberts' material.

The Bada were renamed "Ooo-urrrs", which Henson would pronounce "very slowly and with a deep resonant voice." Odell simplified the spelling to urRu, though they were ultimately named Mystics in the theatrical cut. The word "Skeksis" was initially meant to be the plural, with "Skesis" being singular, though this was dropped early in the filming process. Originally, Henson wanted the Skeksis to speak their own constructed language, with the dialogue subtitled in English.

Accounts differ as to who constructed the language, and on what it was based. Gary Kurtz stated that the Skeksis language was conceived by author Alan Garner, who based it on Ancient Egyptian,Hutchinson, David.
Producing the world of The Dark Crystal: A new direction for the man behind ‘Star Wars" and "Empire" Gary Kurtz
. ''Starlog: The Magazine of the Future''. 66 (January 1983):19-20. while Odell stated it was he who created it, and that it was formed from Indo-European roots. This idea was dropped after test screening audiences found the captions too distracting, but the original effect can be observed in selected scenes on the various DVD releases. The language of the Podlings was based on Serbo-Croatian, with Kurtz noting that audience members fluent in Polish, Russian and other Slavic languages could understand individual words, but not whole sentences.

The film was shot at Elstree Studios from April–September 1981, and exterior scenes were shot in the Scottish Highlands; Gordale Scar, North Yorkshire, England; and Twycross, Leicestershire, England. Once filming was completed, the film's release was delayed after Lew Grade sold ITC Entertainment to Robert Holmes à Court, who was skeptical of the film's potential, due to the bad reactions at the preview and the need to re-voice the film's soundtrack. The film was afforded minimal advertisement and release until Henson bought it from Holmes à Court and funded its release with his own money.

Design

Brian Froud was chosen as concept artist after Henson saw one of his paintings in the book ''Once upon a time''. The characters in the film are elaborate puppets, and none are based on humans or any other specific Earth creature. Before its release, ''The Dark Crystal'' was billed as the first live-action film without any human beings on screen, and "a showcase for cutting-edge animatronics".

The hands and facial features of the groundbreaking animatronic puppets in the film were controlled with relatively primitive rods and cables, although radio control later took over many of the subtler movements. Human performers inside the puppets supplied basic movement for the larger creatures, which in some cases was dangerous or exhausting; for example, the Garthim costumes were so heavy (approx. 70 pounds) that the performers had to be hung up on a rack every few minutes to rest while still inside the costumes. Swiss mime Jean-Pierre Amiel led a team of dancers, acrobats and others in performing the Mystics,Making-of. ''The World of the Dark Crystal''. Dir. Jim Henson & Frank Oz. 1982. Colombia Tristar Home Video, 1999. DVD. with Amiel himself performing the Weaver Mystic.

When conceptualizing the Skeksis, Henson had in mind the seven deadly sins, though because there were 10 Skeksis, some sins had to be invented or used twice.Making-of. ''The World of the Dark Crystal''. Dir. Jim Henson & Frank Oz. 1982. Colombia Tristar Home Video, 1999. DVD. Froud originally designed them to resemble deep sea fish,Making-of. ''Reflections of the Dark Crystal: Light on the Path of Creation''. Dir. Michael Gillis. Sony Pictures Home Entertainment, 2007. DVD. but later designed them as "part reptile, part predatory bird, part dragon", with an emphasis on giving them a "penetrating stare." Each Skeksis was conceived as having a different "job" or function, thus each puppet was draped in multicolored robes meant to reflect their personalities and thought processes.

Each Skeksis suit required a main performer, whose arm would be extended over his or her head in order to operate the creature's facial movements, while the other arm operated its left hand. Another performer would operate the Skeksis' right arm. A team of four technicians operated the Skeksis' hand and face animatronics. The Skeksis performers compensated for their lack of vision by having a monitor tied to their chests.Making-of. ''Reflections of the Dark Crystal: Shard of Illusion''. Dir. Michael Gillis. Sony Pictures Home Entertainment, 2007. DVD. The Chamberlain Skeksis, in particular, was built with 21 electronic components.

In designing the Mystics, Froud portrayed them as being more connected to the natural world than their Skeksis counterparts. Henson intended to convey the idea that they were purged of all materialistic urges, yet were incapable of acting in the real world. Froud also incorporated geometric symbolism throughout the film in order to hint at the implied unity of the two races. The Mystics were the hardest creatures to perform, as the actors had to walk on their haunches with their right arm extended forward, with the full weight of the head on it. Henson stated that he could hold a position in a Mystic costume for only 5–10 seconds.

The Gelflings were designed and sculpted by Wendy Midener. They were difficult to perform, as they were meant to be the most human creatures in the film, and thus their movements, particularly their gait, had to be as realistic as possible. During scenes when the Gelflings' legs were off-camera, the performers walked on their knees in order to make the character's movements more lifelike. According to Odell, the character Jen was Henson's way of projecting himself into the film. Jen was originally meant to be blue, in homage to the Hindu deity Rama, but this idea was scrapped early on.

Aughra was originally envisioned as a "busy, curious little creature" called Habeetabat, though the name was rejected by Froud, who found the name too similar to Habitat, a retailer he despised. The character was re-envisioned as a seer or prophetess, and renamed Aughra. In selecting a voice actor for Aughra, Henson was inspired by Zero Mostel's performance as a "kind of insane bird trying to overcome Tourettes syndrome" on ''Watership Down''. Although the character was originally voiced by Oz, Henson wanted a female voice, and subsequently selected Billie Whitelaw.

The character Fizzgig was invented by Oz, who wanted a character who served the same function as the Muppet poodle Foo-Foo, feeling that, like Miss Piggy, the character Kira needed an outlet for her caring, nurturing side. The character's design was meant to convey the idea of a "boyfriend-repellant", to contrast the popular idea that it is easier to form a bond with a member of the opposite sex with the assistance of a cute dog.

The Podlings were envisioned as people in complete harmony with their natural surroundings, thus Froud based their design on that of potatoes. Their village was modeled on the Henson family home.

In designing the Garthim, Froud took inspiration from the discarded carapaces of his and Henson's lobster dinners. The Garthim were first designed three years into the making of the film, and were made largely of fiberglass. Each costume weighed around 70 lbs (32 kg), thus Garthim performers still in costume had to frequently be suspended on racks in order to recuperate.

''The Dark Crystal'' was the last film in which cinematographer Oswald Morris, BSC, involved himself in before retiring. He shot all the footage with a "light flex", a unit placed in front of the camera which gave a faint color tint to each scene in order to give the film a more fairy tale atmosphere similar to Froud's original paintings.

Music

The film's soundtrack was composed by Trevor Jones, who became involved before shooting had started. Jones initially wanted to compose a score which reflected the settings' oddness by using acoustical instruments, electronics and building structures. This was scrapped in favor of an orchestral score performed by the London Symphony Orchestra once Gary Kurtz became involved, as it was felt that an unusual score would alienate audiences. The main theme of the film is a composite of the Skeksis' and Mystics' themes. Jones wrote the baby Landstrider theme in honor of his newly born daughter.

Release

Box office

''The Dark Crystal'' was released in 858 theaters in North America on December 17, 1982 and finished third for the weekend with a gross of $4,657,335, behind ''Tootsie'' and '' The Toy'', performing better than some people expected. In its initial weekends, it had a limited appeal with some audiences for various reasons, including parental concerns about its dark nature, creative connections with Henson's family-friendly Muppet franchise. In its third weekend, it moved up to second place nationally with a gross of $5,405,071 from 1,052 screens. It made $40,577,001 in its box office run, managing to turn a profit. The film became the 16th highest-grossing film of 1982 within North America. To date, it technically remains as one of the highest-grossing puppet animated films of all time, particularly for its domestic gross.

It made £2.4 million in the UK.

Reception

The film received a mixed response upon its original release, but has earned a more positive reception in later years, becoming a favorite with fans of Henson and fantasy. Vincent Canby of ''The New York Times'' negatively reviewed the film, describing it as a "watered down J. R. R. Tolkien... without charm as well as interest." Kevin Thomas gave it a more positive assessment in the ''Los Angeles Times'': "Unlike many screen fantasies, ''The Dark Crystal'' casts its spell from its very first frames and proceeds so briskly that it's over before you realize it. You're left with the feeling that you have just awakened from a dream." Richard Corliss of ''Time'' magazine wrote: "The invention is impressive, but there is little indication of the Henson-Oz trademark: a sense of giddy fun. Audiences nourished on the sophisticated child's play of the ''Sesame Street'' Muppets and the music-hall camaraderie of ''The Muppet Show'' may not be ready to relinquish pleasure for awe as they enter ''The Dark Crystal''s palatial cavern." ''Variety'' praised the film as "a dazzling technological and artistic achievement ...that could teach a lesson in morality to youngsters at the same time it is entertaining their parents."

Gary Arnold of ''The Washington Post'' wrote the main characters were "the softest and potentially weakest figures" in the film, but nevertheless, "''The Dark Crystal'' leaves no doubt that Jim Henson and his colleagues have reached a point where they can create and sustain a powerfully enchanting form of cinematic fantasy." Gene Siskel of ''The Chicago Tribune'' awarded the film out of four stars in which he felt "...the resultant absence of dramatic tension cripples 'Crystal,' which doesn't have much going for it save for weird characters, who look like they just walked in from the bar scene in ''Star Wars''. In fact, a lot of this movie looks like it was ripped off from ''Star Wars''." Colin Greenland, reviewing for ''Imagine'' magazine, stated that "''The Dark Crystal'' is a technical masterpiece with splendid special effects work by a team two dozen strong. It may be that they did well to keep the story simple and then lavish a wealth of detail on it, rather than go for a more complicated fantasy and fail."

On Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 77% based on 48 reviews, with an average rating of 6.5/10. The website's critical consensus reads: "''The Dark Crystal''s narrative never quite lives up to the movie's visual splendor, but it remains an admirably inventive and uniquely intense entry in the Jim Henson canon." On Metacritic it has a weighted average score of 66 out of 100 based on reviews from 13 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".

In 2008, the American Film Institute nominated this film for its Top 10 Fantasy Films list.

Awards and nominations

Home media

''The Dark Crystal'' was first released on VHS, Betamax, and CED by Thorn EMI Video in 1983. The company's successor HBO Video re-released it on VHS in 1988 and also released it in widescreen on LaserDisc for the first time. On July 29, 1994, Jim Henson Video (through Disney's Buena Vista Home Video) re-released the film again on VHS and on a new widescreen LaserDisc. On October 5, 1999, Columbia TriStar Home Video and Jim Henson Home Entertainment gave the film one final VHS release and also released it on DVD for the first time and it has had multiple re-releases since including a Collector's Edition on November 25, 2003, and a 25th Anniversary Edition on August 14, 2007. It was also released on UMD Universal Media Disc for PlayStation Portable (PSP) on July 26, 2005. It was released on Blu-ray on September 29, 2009.

Another anniversary edition of ''The Dark Crystal'' was announced in December 2017, with a brand-new restoration from the original camera negative, and was released on Blu-ray and 4K Blu-ray on March 6, 2018. Prior to the 4K/Blu-Ray release, Fathom Events presented the restored print of ''The Dark Crystal'' in US cinemas on February 25 and 28, and March 3 and 6, 2018.

Novelization

A tie-in novelization of the film was written by A. C. H. Smith. Henson took a keen interest in the novelization, as he considered it a legitimate part of the film's world rather than just an advertisement. He originally asked Alan Garner to write it, but Garner declined on account of prior engagements. Henson and Smith met several times over meals to discuss the progress of the manuscript. According to Smith, their only major disagreement had arisen over his dislike of the Podlings, which he considered "boring". He included a scene in which a Garthim carrying a sackful of Podlings fell down a cliff and crushed them. Henson considered this scene to be an element of "gratuitous cruelty" that did not fit well into the scope of the story. In order to assist Smith in his visualizing the world of ''The Dark Crystal'', Henson invited him to visit Elstree Studios during filming. In June 2014, Archaia Entertainment reprinted the novelization, with included extras such as some of Brian Froud's illustrations and Jim Henson's notes.

Future

Cancelled sequel

During the development phase of ''The Dark Crystal'', director Jim Henson and writer David Odell discussed ideas for a possible sequel. Almost 25 years later, Odell and his wife Annette Duffy pieced together what Odell could recall from these discussions to draft a script for ''The Power of the Dark Crystal''. Genndy Tartakovsky was initially hired in January 2006 to direct and produce the film through The Orphanage animation studios in California.

However, faced with considerable delays, the Jim Henson Company announced a number of significant changes in a May 2010 press release: It was going to partner with Australia-based Omnilab Media to produce the sequel, screenwriter Craig Pearce had reworked Odell and Duffy's script, and directing team Michael and Peter Spierig were replacing Tartakovsky. In addition, the film would be released in stereoscopic 3D.

During a panel held at the Museum of the Moving Image on September 18, 2011, to commemorate the legacy of Jim Henson, his daughter Cheryl revealed that the project was yet again on hiatus. By February 2012 Omnilab Media and the Spierig brothers had parted ways with the Henson Company due to budgetary concerns; production on the film has been suspended indefinitely. In May 2014, Lisa Henson confirmed that the film was still in development, but it is not yet in pre-production.

Ultimately, plans for a feature film were scrapped, and the unproduced screenplay was adapted into a 12-issue comic book series '' The Power of the Dark Crystal'' from Archaia Comics and BOOM! Studios, released in 2017.

Prequel novels

On July 1, 2013, an announcement was made by The Jim Henson Company, in association with Grosset and Dunlap (a publishing division of Penguin Group USA) that they would be hosting a Dark Crystal Author Quest contest to write a new ''Dark Crystal'' novel, as a prequel to the original film. It would be set in the Dark Crystal world during a Gelfling Gathering. The winning author was J.M. (Joseph) Lee of Minneapolis, Minnesota, whose story, "The Ring of Dreams," was selected from almost 500 contest submissions.

The novel series consists of four books: ''Shadows of the Dark Crystal'', released on June 28, 2016; ''Song of the Dark Crystal'', released July 18, 2017; ''Tides of the Dark Crystal'', released December 24, 2018; and ''Flames of the Dark Crystal'', released on August 27, 2019. Together, the novels serve to establish the setting of the Netflix series '' The Dark Crystal: Age of Resistance'', focusing on adventures of some of the series' side characters.

Prequel series

In May 2017, it was announced that The Jim Henson Company in association with Netflix would produce a prequel series titled ''The Dark Crystal: Age of Resistance''. Shooting began in the fall of 2017 with Louis Leterrier as director. The prequel was written by Jeffrey Addiss, Will Matthews, and Javier Grillo-Marxuach. The series premiered on August 30, 2019 and explores in ten episodes the world created for the original film.

In other media

* A book entitled '' The World of The Dark Crystal'', written and illustrated by Brian Froud, was released at the same time as the film. The book, written as the annotated translation of the ''Book of Aughra'' by fictional Oxford professor "J.J. Llewellyn", expands greatly on the world of "Thra", detailing its conditions and history, as well as providing some additional story background.
* An illustrated children's storybook version, ''The Tale of the Dark Crystal'', written by Donna Bass and illustrated by Bruce McNally.
* A board game called '' The Dark Crystal Game'' was also released in 1982 by Milton Bradley.
* A book-and-cassette adaptation was released in 1983 by Disneyland Records as part of its ''Read-Along Adventures'' series.
* In 1983, a video game based on the film was released for the Apple II and Atari 8-bit in the format of a text adventure.
* Marvel Comics published a comic book adaptation of the film by writer David Anthony Kraft and artists Bret Blevins, Vince Colletta, Rick Bryant, and Richard Howell in ''Marvel Super Special'' #24.
* ''Vogue'' commissioned six of the film's costume designers to fashion clothes based on the characters of the film.
* Music duo The Crystal Method used samples from the film in the song "Trip Like I Do", released on their 1997 album ''Vegas''.
* ''Legends of the Dark Crystal'', an original English-language manga written by Barbara Kesel with art by Heidi Arnhold, Jessica Feinberg, and Max Kim, was published by TokyoPop. Its story is set hundreds of years before the events of ''The Dark Crystal'', after the Great Conjunction which saw the splitting of the urSkeks into the Mystics and the Skeksis, but before the Great Extermination of the Gelflings. The first volume of the series came out November 2007, followed sometime later by the second in August 2010. A third installment had been originally planned but was canceled and subsequently merged into the second volume.
* Another comic book prequel, ''The Dark Crystal: Creation Myths'', was published by Archaia Entertainment as a series of three graphic novels. The Henson Company and Archaia began collaborating on this project in late 2009. A brief preview was made available on Free Comic Book Day in May 2011, and the first installment was released January 2012, shortly thereafter spending two weeks on ''The New York Times'' Best Seller list of hardcover graphic books. In February 2013, the second installment was officially released. The third and final part was released in October 2015.
* In February 2011, Sandstorm Productions – a firm that partnered with various design studios to facilitate the development and distribution of board games and collectible card games – revealed that it had acquired the license to produce games based on various Henson properties, including ''The Dark Crystal''. Before any definitive plans were made, however, Sandstorm went out of business in June 2012.
* Archaia announced plans for a role-playing game based on ''The Dark Crystal'' at the August 2011 Gen Con gaming convention, intending to publish it later the following year. Like its Origins Award-winning ''Mouse Guard'' game, ''The Dark Crystal'' will be designed by Luke Crane and utilize mechanics similar to that of ''The Burning Wheel''. As of September 2012, it remains in active development, with more details forthcoming in 2013.
* In August 2013, Black Phoenix Alchemy Lab - a company that produces body and household blends with a dark, romantic Gothic tone - debuted the first of their licensed ''The Dark Crystal'' perfumes. The debut included four Skeksis blends: skekUng the Garthim-Master, skekNa the Slave-Master, skekTek the Scientist and skekZok the Ritual-Master.
* In the ''Jim Henson's Creature Shop Challenge'' episode "Return of the Skeksis", the competing creature designers had to work in teams of three to build a Skeksis that has been banished to different parts of Thra and has been called back to the Skeksis Castle.
*The song "Return to Oz" by the band Scissor Sisters on the album ''Scissor Sisters'' (2004) features a reference to the film's antagonists the Skeksis: ''The Skeksis at the rave meant to hide deep inside their sunken faces and their wild, rolling eyes, But their callous words reveal that they can no longer feel.''
* The song "Skeksis" on the album ''Alien'' by Canadian band Strapping Young Lad is named after the film's antagonists; the song itself contains an interpolation of the film's theme melody. Singer-songwriter Devin Townsend would later base Ziltoid the Omniscient on the characters from the film.
* ''Dark Crystal Tales'' by Cory Godbey, a children's book of short stories, was released in August 2017.
* A book entitled ''The Dark Crystal: Age of Resistance: Inside the Epic Return to Thra'' was released in November 2019, two months after the Netflix series premiered. It details the making of the series and features concept art, interviews, set photography, and more.
* In October 2020, a guide to the characters and creatures from the Dark Crystal universe called ''The Dark Crystal Bestiary: The Definitive Guide to the Creatures of Thra'' was released.
* In January 2021, the River Horse company has announced that it is developing a role-playing game set in the world of both the original film and the Netflix prequel series called ''The Dark Crystal Adventure Game'' that will be released in 2021.
* In March 2021, it was announced that the Royal Opera House will adapt the film into a ballet entitled ''The Dark Crystal: Odyssey''. It will be directed and choreographed by Wayne McGregor and is described as a "coming-of-age story" for family audiences.

See also

* ''The Land of Gorch''
* John Bauer (illustrator)— an inspiration for Brian Froud's work on ''The Dark Crystal''

Notes

References

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Further reading

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External links

Official Site
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Dark Crystal, The

1980s fantasy adventure films
American children's adventure films
American fantasy adventure films
British children's adventure films
British fantasy adventure films
High fantasy films
1982 directorial debut films
1982 films
Films about elves
Films about birds
Films shot at EMI-Elstree Studios
Films shot in Hertfordshire
Fantasy adventure films
Fictional-language films
Films directed by Jim Henson
Films directed by Frank Oz
Films produced by Gary Kurtz
Puppet films
Films set on fictional planets
ITC Entertainment films
The Jim Henson Company films
Universal Pictures films
Films adapted into comics
Films scored by Trevor Jones
Films about wizards
American dark fantasy films
Films produced by Jim Henson
1980s English-language films
Films with screenplays by David Odell
1980s American films
1980s British films